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Wei Jingsheng
Wei Jingsheng (; born 20 May 1950, Beijing) is a Chinese human rights activist known for his involvement in the Chinese democracy movement. He is most prominent for having authored the essay, ''Fifth Modernization'', which was posted on the "Democracy Wall" in Beijing in 1978. Due to the manifesto, Wei was arrested and convicted of "counterrevolutionary" activities, and was detained as a political prisoner from 1979–93.〔Rone Tempest, ("Longtime Prisoner Freed in China" ), ''Los Angeles Times'', 14 September 1993.〕〔James D. Seymour, Richard Anderson, "New Ghosts, Old Ghosts:Prisons and Labor Reform Camps in China" (M.E. Sharpe, Inc, 1998), p. 159.〕 Released briefly in 1993, Wei continued with his dissident activities by speaking to visiting journalists, and was imprisoned again from 1994–97, spending a total of 18 years in different prisons. He was deported to the United States on November 16, 1997, on medical parole. Still a Chinese citizen, in 1998 Wei established the Wei Jingsheng Foundation in New York City (now based in Washington D.C.) whose stated aim is to work to improve human rights and democratization in China.
==Early years==
Wei was the oldest of four children, brought up by Chinese Communist Party cadres. In 1966, Wei joined the Red Guards as a 16-year-old student during the Cultural Revolution.〔(''魏京生'' ). Retrieved on 12 December 2010.〕 He lived in remote rural areas in Northern China and was able to speak with peasant farmers about the widespread famines that had occurred a few years before, during the Great Leap Forward.〔Wei, ''The Courage to..'', p. 276; and ''Autobiography'', same source.〕 He uncovered the role that the communist government under Mao Zedong played in causing the famines, and it forced Wei to start questioning the nature of the system he lived under.〔 Wei would later write about this period: "I felt as if I had suddenly awakened from a long dream, but everyone around me was still plunged in darkness."〔"Wei Jingsheng Autobiography", ''The Courage to Stand Alone: Letters from Prison and Other Writings'', p. 246.〕 In 1973, he began working as an electrician at the Beijing Zoo.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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